No ka hana ʻana i ka refrigeration, e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka ʻike maʻamau o ka refrigerant

ʻO ka Refrigerant, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he refrigerant, ʻo ia ka mea hana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili. I kēia manawa, aia ma mua o 80 mau ʻano mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau refrigerant. ʻO nā refrigerant maʻamau ʻo Freon (me: R22, R134a, R407c, R410a, R32, etc.), ammonia (NH3), wai (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā hydrocarbons (e like me: R290, R600a).

ʻO nā hōʻailona hopena o nā refrigerants ma ke kaiapuni honua e komo pū ana me: ka ozone depletion potential (ODP) a me ka global warming potential (GWP); ma waho aʻe o ka hopena ma ke kaiapuni, pono e loaʻa i nā refrigerants ka palekana kūpono e pale ai i ke ola a me ka waiwai o kānaka.

Ka Mana Hoʻopau ʻana o ka Ozone ODP: Hōʻike i ka hiki o nā chlorofluorocarbons i ka lewa ke luku i ka papa ozone. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano kaiapuni o ka refrigerant. ʻO nā refrigerant me nā waiwai ODP ma lalo a like paha me 0.05 e manaʻo ʻia he ʻae ʻia ma muli o nā pae o kēia manawa.

Ka Mana Hoʻomehana Honua GWP: He hōʻailona o ka hopena o ke aniau i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hōʻike ana i loko o kekahi manawa (20 mau makahiki, 100 mau makahiki, 500 mau makahiki), ʻo ka hopena ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kahi kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o CO2 me ka hopena like, CO2. ʻO ka GWP=1.0. ʻO ka maʻamau, e helu ʻo GWP ma muli o 100 mau makahiki, i hōʻailona ʻia ʻo GWP100, "Montreal Protocol" a me "Kyoto Protocol" e hoʻohana pū ana iā GWP100.

1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻalili

Wahi a GB/T 7778-2017, ua māhele ʻia ka palekana o ka refrigerant i 8 mau māhele, ʻo ia hoʻi: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, B3, ʻo A1 ka mea palekana loa a ʻo B3 ka mea weliweli loa.

Eia nā pae palekana o nā refrigerants maʻamau:

ʻAno A1: R11, R12, R13, R113, R114, R115, R116, R22, R124, R23, R125, R134a,, R236fa, R218, RC318, R401a, R401b, R402a, R402b, R403a, R403b, R404a, R407a, R407b, R407c, R407d, R408a, R409a, R410a, R417a, R422d, R500, R501, R502, R507a, R508a, R508b, R509a, R513a, R744

ʻAno A2: R142b, R152a, R406a, R411a, R411b, R412a, R413a, R415b, R418a, R419a, R512a

Māhele A2L: R143a, R32, R1234yf, R1234ze(E)

Papa A3: R290, R600, R600a, R601a, R1270, RE170, R510a, R511a

Māhele B1: R123, R245fa

Māhele B2L: R717

Wahi a ka mahana mahu o ka refrigerant ma lalo o ke kaomi lewa maʻamau (100kPa), hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia i: ka refrigerant wela kiʻekiʻe, ka refrigerant wela waena, a me ka refrigerant wela haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka refrigerant wela kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa-kaomi: ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mahu ma mua o 0°C, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaomi condensation ma mua o 29.41995 × 104Pa. He kūpono kēia mau refrigerants no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā compressors refrigeration centrifugal i nā ʻōnaehana ea hoʻoluʻu.

ʻO ka refrigerant wela waena-kaomi waena: refrigerant wela waena-kaomi waena: mahana mahu -50 ~ 0°C, kaomi condensing (196.113 ~ 29.41995) × 104Pa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano refrigerant i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili piston compression hoʻokahi-paepae maʻamau a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili piston compression ʻelua-paepae.

ʻO ka refrigerant kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana haʻahaʻa: ʻo ka refrigerant kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana haʻahaʻa: ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana mahu ma mua o -50°C, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi condensation ma mua o 196.133×104Pa. He kūpono kēia ʻano refrigerant no ka ʻāpana mahana haʻahaʻa o ka hāmeʻa hoʻomaʻalili cascade a i ʻole ka hāmeʻa mahana haʻahaʻa ma lalo o -70°C.