1. Mahana: ʻO ka mahana ke ana o ka wela a i ʻole ke anu o kahi mea.
ʻEkolu mau anakahi mahana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia (nā unahi mahana): Celsius, Fahrenheit, a me ka mahana piha.
Mahana Celsius (t, ℃): ka mahana a mākou e hoʻohana pinepine ai. Ana ʻia ka mahana me ka ana wela Celsius.
Fahrenheit (F, ℉): ʻO ka mahana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
hoʻololi mahana:
F (°F) = 9/5 * t(°C) +32 (E huli i ka mahana ma Fahrenheit mai ka mahana i ʻike ʻia ma Celsius)
t (°C) = [F (°F)-32] * 5/9 (E huli i ka mahana ma Celsius mai ka mahana i ʻike ʻia ma Fahrenheit)
ʻO ka pālākiō mahana loa (T, ºK): hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā helu kumumanaʻo.
ʻO ka pālākiō mahana piha a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana Celsius:
T (ºK) = t (°C) +273 (E huli i ka mahana piha mai ka mahana i ʻike ʻia ma Celsius)
2. Kaomi (P): I loko o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana, ʻo ke kaomi ka ikaika kū pololei ma ka ʻāpana ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kaomi, ka mea i ana pinepine ʻia me kahi ana kaomi a me kahi ana kaomi.
ʻO nā anakahi maʻamau o ke kaomi:
Mpa (megapascal);
Kpa (kPa);
pā(pā);
kgf/cm2 (kenimika huinahā kilokani ikaika);
atm (kaomi lewa maʻamau);
mmHg (milimita o ka mercury).
Pilina hoʻololi:
1Mpa=10bar=1000Kpa =7500.6 mmHg = 10.197 kgf/cm2
1atm=760mmHg=1.01326bar =0.101326Mpa
Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻenekinia:
1bar = 0.1Mpa ≈1 kgf/cm2 ≈ 1atm = 760 mmHg
He mau hōʻike kaomi:
Kaomi piha (Pj): I loko o kahi pahu, ʻo ke kaomi i hoʻokau ʻia ma ka paia o loko o ka pahu e ka neʻe wela o nā molekala. ʻO ke kaomi i loko o ka papa waiwai thermodynamic refrigerant he kaomi piha ia.
Kaomi ana (Pb): Ke kaomi i ana ʻia me kahi ana kaomi i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili. ʻO ke kaomi ana ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaomi kinoea i loko o ka pahu a me ke kaomi lewa. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ke kaomi ana me 1bar, a i ʻole 0.1Mpa, ʻo ia ke kaomi paʻa.
Kekelē hakahaka (H): Ke maikaʻi ʻole ke kaomi anakahi, e lawe i kona waiwai piha a hōʻike iā ia ma ke kekelē hakahaka.
3. Papa inoa o nā waiwai thermodynamic refrigerant: Hōʻike ka papa inoa o nā waiwai thermodynamic refrigerant i ka mahana (ka mahana saturation) a me ke kaomi (kaomi saturation) a me nā palena ʻē aʻe o ka refrigerant i ke kūlana saturated. Aia kahi pilina hoʻokahi-a-hoʻokahi ma waena o ka mahana a me ke kaomi o ka refrigerant i ke kūlana saturated.
Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka refrigerant i loko o ka evaporator, condenser, gas-wai hoʻokaʻawale, a me ka barela e kaʻapuni ana i ke kaomi haʻahaʻa e noho ana i ke ʻano saturated. ʻO ka mahu (wai) i loko o ke ʻano saturated e kapa ʻia ʻo ka mahu saturated (wai), a ʻo ka mahana a me ke kaomi e pili ana e kapa ʻia ʻo ka mahana saturation a me ke kaomi saturation.
I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻalili, no ka refrigerant, ʻo kona mahana saturation a me ke kaomi saturation e kūlike ana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana saturation, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi saturation.
Hoʻokō ʻia ka mahu ʻana o ka refrigerant i loko o ka evaporator a me ka condensation i loko o ka condenser ma ke ʻano saturated, no laila ʻo ka mahana mahu a me ke kaomi mahu, a me ka mahana condensation a me ke kaomi condensation aia pū kekahi ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi-a-hoʻokahi. Hiki ke loaʻa ka pilina pili ma ka papa o nā waiwai thermodynamic refrigerant.
4. Papa hoʻohālikelike o ka mahana a me ke kaomi o ka refrigerant:
5. Mahu wela loa a me ka wai anuanu loa: Ma lalo o kekahi kaomi, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka mahu ma mua o ka mahana saturation ma lalo o ke kaomi like, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mahu wela loa. Ma lalo o kekahi kaomi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana o ka wai ma mua o ka mahana saturation ma lalo o ke kaomi like, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wai anuanu loa.
ʻO ka waiwai i ʻoi aku ai ka mahana omo ma mua o ka mahana saturation ua kapa ʻia ʻo suction superheat. ʻO ke kekelē o ka suction superheat maʻamau e pono e kaohi ʻia ma 5 a 10 °C.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka mahana wai i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana saturation ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kekelē subcooling wai. ʻO ka subcooling wai maʻamau e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka condenser, i loko o ka economizer, a ma ka intercooler. ʻO ka subcooling wai ma mua o ka valve throttle he mea maikaʻi ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka hoʻomaʻalili.
6. Ka mahu ʻana, ka omo ʻana, ka hoʻopau ʻana, ke kaomi a me ka mahana o ka condensation
Kaomi hoʻomake (mahana): Ke kaomi (mahana) o ka refrigerant i loko o ka evaporator. Kaomi hoʻomāʻū (mahana): Ke kaomi (mahana) o ka refrigerant i loko o ka condenser.
Kaomi omo (mahana): Ke kaomi (mahana) ma ka puka omo o ka mea hoʻopili. Kaomi hoʻokuʻu (mahana): Ke kaomi (mahana) ma ka puka hoʻokuʻu o ka mea hoʻopili.
7. ʻOkoʻa ka mahana: ʻokoʻa ka mahana hoʻoili wela: pili i ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma waena o nā wai ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka paia hoʻoili wela. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ke kumu o ka hoʻoili wela.
No ka laʻana, aia kahi ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma waena o ka refrigerant a me ka wai hoʻoluʻu; refrigerant a me ka brine; refrigerant a me ka ea hale kūʻai. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana hoʻoili wela, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka mea e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ma mua o ka mahana evaporation; ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana condensation ma mua o ka mahana o ka mea hoʻoluʻu o ka condenser.
8. Haumākū: ʻO ka haumākū e pili ana i ka haumākū o ka lewa. ʻO ka haumākū kahi mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hoʻoili wela.
ʻEkolu mau ala e hōʻike ai i ka makū:
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa loa (Z): Ka nui o ka mahu wai no kēlā me kēia mika cubic o ka ea.
Ka nui o ka wai (d): ʻO ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o hoʻokahi kilokani o ka ea maloʻo (g).
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa pili (φ): Hōʻike i ke kekelē o ka kokoke ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa maoli o ka lewa i ka haʻahaʻa piha piha.
Ma kekahi mahana, hiki i kahi nui o ka ea ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi nui o ka mahu wai. Inā ʻoi aku kēia palena, e hoʻopili ʻia ka mahu wai keu i noe. ʻO kēia nui palena o ka mahu wai i kapa ʻia he saturated humidity. Ma lalo o ka saturated humidity, aia kahi saturated absolute humidity ZB e pili ana, kahi e loli me ka mahana o ka ea.
I kekahi mahana, i ka wā e hiki ai ka haumākū o ka lewa i ka haumākū saturated, ua kapa ʻia ia he ea saturated, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻae hou aku i ka mahu wai; ʻo ka ea e hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ʻae ʻana i kahi nui o ka mahu wai ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ea unsaturated.
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa pili ka lakio o ka haʻahaʻa maoli Z o ka ea unsaturated i ka haʻahaʻa maoli ZB o ka ea saturated. φ=Z/ZB×100%. E hoʻohana ia mea e hōʻike i ke kokoke o ka haʻahaʻa maoli i ka haʻahaʻa maoli saturated.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-08-2022
